CMVividly: Exploring the public T-cell response to Cytomegalovirus
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CMVividly

I’m Damon May (LinkedIn), a machine learning researcher and computational immunologist. I was most recently at Adaptive Biotechnologies, in both leadership (Associate Director) and individual contributor (Principal Scientist, most recently) roles, building ML models on immune receptor repertoires.

Here, I’m sharing insights about a new resource my colleagues and I made available in July 2026: The CMV ECOcluster. We mined more than 30,000 T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires to find ECOclusters: groups of TCRs that tend to occur in the same people. Each ECOcluster putatively represents humanity’s collective, shared response to a virus, bacterium or other prevalent exposure (explainer in DIA Global Forum). We described ECOclusters in this preprint, with a major update in July 2026.

The CMV ECOcluster (direct download) is a sensitive, specific, quantitative biomarker of response to Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Each of its 52,447 TCRs is associated with the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allele that presents the CMV peptide it binds. So, those 52,447 TCRs: let’s see ’em, vividly.

Some practicalities:

  • I’ll post new analyses here and announce them on my LinkedIn
    • You can also subscribe to email notifications via ButtonDown
  • All the code is in the GitHub repo. See About for how to run it yourself.
  • Is there an analysis you’d like to see done here? Suggest it.

Posts (newest first)

Annotating the CMV ECOcluster TCRs with IEDB

IEDB can annotate TCRs with peptide/species associations, but many TCRs appear to be cross-reactive.

Aug 21, 2026

Single CDR3 amino acid swaps

Look at pairs of CMV ECOcluster TCRs that differ by one amino acid swap. They’re strongly position-dependent!

Aug 12, 2026

Predicting CMV status and HLA type

Intersect CMV ECOcluster TCRs with repertoires to predict CMV status and HLA type.

Aug 10, 2026

Groups of poorly distinguished V and J genes

A few sets of V and J genes are often confused with each other. We should probably treat them as groups.

Aug 2, 2026

Comparing the 2024 and 2026 CMV ECOclusters

The 2026 CMV ECOcluster has twice as many TCRs. What else changed?

Jul 30, 2026

HLA-COclusters as CMV biomarkers

Per-HLA-allele clusters in the CMV ECOcluster range widely in diagnostic value. Why?

Jul 25, 2026

Basics

Download the CMV ECOcluster and have a look. Break down TCRs and HLA-COclusters by HLA allele and class.

Jul 24, 2026
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© 2026 Damon May · CMVividly

Exploring the public T-cell response to Cytomegalovirus

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